CSIRO researchers have developed a predictive model for estimating likely failures in underground pipeline networks made from a range of materials. 'However, we had a model that had been developed under well-defined conditions in the lab. . To overcome this, CSIRO has developed a model that uses probability distributions - developed from anecdotal evidence from industry and 'forensic' investigation of failed pipes - to estimate the probable defect size along a pipe, and the probable loading conditions the pipeline experiences.